Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. The term "nanotechnology" has evolved over the years via terminology drift to mean "anything smaller than microtechnology," such as nano powders, and other things that are nanoscale in size, but not referring to mechanisms that have been purposefully built from nanoscale components. This evolved version of the term is more properly labeled "nanoscale bulk technology," while the original meaning is now more properly labeled "molecular nanotechnology" (MNT), or "nanoscale engineering," or "molecular mechanics," or "molecular machine systems," or "molecular manufacturing." This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced. In its original sense, 'nanotechnology' refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products. Nanotechnology is rapidly becoming an interdisciplinary field. Biologists, chemists, physicists and engineers are all involved in the study of substances at the nanoscale. It is sometimes referred to as a general-purpose technology. That's because in its advanced form it will have significant impact on almost all industries and all areas of society. It will offer better built, longer lasting, cleaner, safer, and smarter products for the home, for communications, for medicine, for transportation, for agriculture, and for industry in general. It can also be called as the technology of the future, and no one us can be exempted to enjoy its fruit in all and every second of our life.
Nanotechnology is the science of understanding the structure and behaviour of materials at atomic or molecular level. Nanotechnology is an emerging field across the globe. Graduates in the field can become entrepreneurs or work as management and investment advisers in biotechnology and research and development industry; carry out research and development in Government organisations, universities and private research institutes; join as faculty in educational institutes; do research and consulting in industries like pharmaceutical, medical, agriculture, food and beverage, environmental industries; etc. They can engage themselves in product development and advising; communication and media.
'Nanotechnology is the science that can ensure sustainability of agriculture and food production and give a solution to water and energy crisis. These two areas would witness an investment of $45 billion per year in nanotechnology research in the next 10 years. 'It will give birth to a new world of industrial products, create about two million nanotechnology workers and improve healthcare. 'Indian industry should wake up and begin thinking afresh on nanotechnology's scope and applications if it wants to be a world leader in the years to come. There are plenty of rooms…………………………….for future…………………………..<

Genomics and Proteomics
The progress of genomics is in synergetic relations with basic transformations of modern culture. It pumps resources of new cultural impulses and gives them tremendous acceleration. It provokes in human beings a new feeling of the power of recreation of their own nature and a new experience of defenseless-ness against this human might. Commercialization in genomics created a new kind of market, new commodities, new ownership rights accelerating similar changes in other areas of biomedicine. The Human Genome Project (HGP) was a real breakthrough in the emergence of Genomics and Proteomics which is aimed at mapping the total set of human genes means another attempt at relocalization and ontological restructuring of the realm of modern medicine and as a consequence – creation of a new method of application of medical treatment. A large number of human pathologies are already relocated into different regions of human DNA sequences. This ontological shift generates innumerable resources for stimulating a profoundly intense desire for cure centered around intervention in the human genetic makeup. It gives new chances for people nowadays not to lose all hope when challenged by cancer, AIDS, aging, by criminal behaviour and even by disobedience of their own children turning this educational problem into a medical (genetic) one, for example, connected with a genetically determined attention deficit. In leading genomic research centers actively working departments of patenting, public relations and other market-oriented bodies have appeared. Discussions on perspectives and moral permissibility of development of new biomedical technologies migrate from the shadow of expert councils inside "temples of Truth" to the bright light of "market squares" in the form of endless "talk shows" and performances of recently emerged "bioethical theater" that pumps plots for performances from the live world of modern biomedicine.

Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, as they are the main components of the physiological metabolic pathways of cells. The term "proteomics" was coined to make an analogy with genomics, the study of the genes. The word "proteome" is a blend of "protein" and "genome". The proteome is the entire complement of proteins, including the modifications made to a particular set of proteins, produced by an organism or system. This will vary with time and distinct requirements, or stresses, that a cell or organism undergoes. Proteomics is often considered the next step in the study of biological systems, after genomics. It is much more complicated than genomics, mostly because while an organism's genome is constant* the proteome differs from cell to cell. This is because distinct genes are expressed in distinct cell types, meaning that even the basic set of proteins which are produced in a cell needs to be determined.
In the past this was done by mRNA analysis, but it is now known that mRNA is not always translated into protein, and the amount of protein produced for a given amount of mRNA depends on the gene it is transcribed from and on the current physiological state of the cell. Proteomics confirms the presence of the protein and provides a direct measure of the quantity present.
Proteomics is the study of the function of all expressed proteins. Tremendous progress has been made in the past few years in generating large-scale data sets for protein-protein interactions, organelle composition, protein activity patterns and protein profiles in cancer patients. But further technological improvements, organization of international proteomics projects and open access to results are needed for proteomics to fulfil its potential.